Rogue, Mystique, Sabertooth, Cannonball and Iceman are all members of the adjective-less X-Men team that left the Xavier mansion after defeating the Children of the Vault.

Sage (one of my favourites) is in the new Excalibur lineup.

Last time I remember seeing Domino was in Hong Kong working for the Xavier Corporation- I'm sure she's been elsewhere since, though.

Not sure about the others.

Psylocke is back from the dead and can be seen in Exiles in which she is a new member (along with Longshot who has had his memory erased----again.)

Gambit was one of Apocalypse's horseman (Death) and looks like a Drow now (black skin and white hair, red eyes) and has some kind of gas emitting power now (ewww)

Professor X is out in space with Nightcrawler, Warpath, Havok, Polaris, Marvel Girl (Rachel Grey) and Darwin. He's powerless since Decimation.

Domino was recently in the X-Men Civil War miniseries and can be seen in Cable/Deadpool as well.

And, yeah, Rogue is leading the team of Cable, Mystique, Cannonball and Iceman (along with Karima who is some kind of Sentinel woman and Lady Mastermind)

if you need more info, i think Wikipedia might be a good source of information. (especially if you are behind on Events like House of M, Decimation, and Civil War)

Hope that helps,
STORM --who's surprised you didn't ask about my namesake:)